Financial Analysis Verizon Wireless - 3438 Words

Financial Analysis – Verizon Wireless Financial Analysis – Verizon Wireless Introduction: Mobile is most useful invention of the science and technology which has helped the world to stay connected. Verizon wireless is the largest mobile network operator in the United State with its head office based in Basking Ridge, New Jersey. Verizon wireless is the most reliable and largest wireless communication service provider providing services such as voice, messaging and 3G data product with total customer base of more than 110 million. Verizon wireless is a trade name which is used by Cellco Partnership Inc. in U.S. Verizon wireless is a joint venture between U.S. based Verizon communication and U.K. multinational giant†¦show more content†¦Cellular. Among all the competitors ATT is the biggest competitor of Verizon, Verizon acquired â€Å"Alltel wireless† in beginning of year 2009 to overtake ATT and become the largest wireless mobile network company in U.S. For a wireless communication company the two things are very important which will help a company to become the supreme leader in the market and those two things are Coverage Customer service. Due to wide coverage and most efficient customer service Verizon has become the largest Wireless communication company in U.S. Ratio analysis Accounting information is used by management in various ways to make the business decisions. Accounting information is used to compute financial ratios and comparing the financial data of one period with other. Various Ratios are used by the managers and accountants for controlling the functioning of the organization. These ratios are also known as accounting or financial ratios, these ratios play very important role in the organization. Following are the ratios of Verizon wireless for last three years:- Liquidity ratios: These ratios are computed to judge the short term liquidity of the business. Two most important liquidity ratios are current ratio and quick ratio. These ratios determine the ability of firm to meets its current liabilities out of its current/quick assets. Analysis of the liquidity ratios of Verizon wireless unveiled the fact that the company liquidity positionShow MoreRelatedWireless Financial Analysis : Verizon Wireless1483 Words   |  6 Pages Verizon Wireless Financial Analysis Andriea S. Cook ACC 205: Principles of Accounting I Instructor Thomas Sutton 22 August 2015 Financial Statement Analysis Company Overview Verizon Wireless Communications is a wireless telecommunication company. It was formed in June of 2000 with the merger of Bell Atlantic Corporation and GTE Corporation. It is known as America’s first nationwide 3G wireless broadband network and serves more of the United States population than its competitorsRead MoreHistory Of Verizon Communications Inc.1538 Words   |  7 Pages Verizon Stock Analysis and Recommendation Brent Argast, Haneen Hamad, MaryJo Abney Patrick Abney 92 paper; 98 presentation National University Chang G. Park, Ph.D., CPA FIN 609A May 4, 2014 The History of Verizon Communications Verizon Communications Inc., was formed by a merger of Bell Atlantic Corp. and GTE Corp on June 30, 2000. That merger was one of the largest in U.S. business history. Prior to the merger, GTE was one of the largest telecommunications companies with revenuesRead MoreVerizon Communications Inc. 2013 Sec 10 K Annual Report Analysis Project1409 Words   |  6 PagesVZ 2014 Sec 10-K Annual Reports Analysis Project Verizon Communications, Inc. 2014 SEC 10-K Annual Reports Analysis Project Executive Summary The company I selected to research is Verizon Communications Inc., an American telecommunications company. I chose Verizon because I am a current subscriber to all their major residential services from phone to internet and FIOS. Verizon is a global leader in delivering broadband and other wireless and wireline communications services to consumer, businessRead MoreCan You Hear Me Now?1504 Words   |  7 Pagescampaign was a major win for Verizon Wireless. It helped the company gain market share and reduce customer turnover making it one of the most competitive entities in the industry. Verizon has positioned itself as an industry leader in communications, information and entertainment products and services for consumers, businesses and governmental agencies. It functions in two main divisions: Verizon Wireless and Wireline. Verizon Wireless’ main products and services are wireless voice and data services overRead MoreMental Models1668 Words   |  7 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Veriz on Wireless Mental Models and Mindsets Verizon Wireless Mental Models and Mindsets University of Phoenix May 1, 2013 Verizon Wireless Mental Models and Mindsets Mental models are how the mind stores memories and ideas relating to reality. These include opinions, attitudes, prejudices, and approaches to different objects, events, and situations. The manner in which one’s mental models work can limit one’s ability to succeed or improve his or her environment. SometimesRead MoreMgmt 303 Swot Anaylisis1338 Words   |  6 PagesVerizon SWOT analysis MGMT 303 DeVry University Julia Smith May 19th, 2012 Verizon Communications Inc. is a provider of communications services with for operating segments: Domestic Telecom, Domestic Wireless, information Services and International. Domestic Telecom is services principally represent Verizon’s telephone operations that provide local telephone services in 29 states and the District of Columbia. Domestic Wireless are products and servicesRead MoreAccounting Policies While Preparing Their Financial Statements1620 Words   |  7 PagesCompanies use accounting policies while preparing their financial statements. All financial statements are set to follow an international standard guideline. These policies are available to users of financial statements while making financial decisions in order to make sure that the proper decisions are being made. According to The Financial reporting and analysis article by Gibson, the full disclosure principle states that a company’s financial statements should include all the information needed inRead MoreEnvironmental Scan Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagescompany’s strategic effectiveness. This essay is a brief overview of the internal and external environ mental scans, competitive advantage, value, and measurements used at Wells Fargo and Verizon wireless. Most of the supporting data are summaries from the Wells Fargo, and Verizon websites. Wells Fargo is a large financial institution with five strategic priorities: putting customers first, growing revenue, reducing expenses, living the vision and values, and connecting with communities, and stakeholdersRead MoreModule 2 Slp: Understanding Financial Reports1195 Words   |  5 PagesTUI UNIVERSITY YOUR NAME Module 2 SLP: Understanding Financial Reports ACC 501: Accounting for Decision Making Instructor Name June 22, 2012 Where to Invest, Verizon or Sprint? Most households in the US have at least one cellular phone. With the continuing increase in wireless devices and interface, it is important to look at the cellular carrier to decide who has the best coverage, best prices, and ultimately who will be able to continue to provide the best services. In deciding whichRead MoreVerizon Wirelesss Benefits Package1728 Words   |  7 Pages Verizon Wireless may be losing at least one competitive advantage as a result of lack of knowledge about how employee benefits packages in the wireless industry compare. Studies have shown that valuable employees and top talent candidates are highly influenced by employee benefits packages considered to be good (Paterson, 2013). The leadership team’s determination and call for organizational growth, translates to both retaining current employees and enticing new candidates to join, an area in which

Beyond the No.5 The life of the legend Coco Essay

Envision your most implausible and outrageous wish to come true. Coco Chanel didn’t simply make her fantasies come alive. This woman single handedly revolutionized and transmuted the fashion industry. Epitomizing her own words, â€Å"In order to be irreplaceable one must be different†, Chanel eradicated her opponents with her bold and unique ideas. From modest beginnings to affluent ends, it’s undeniable that fashion icon Coco Chanel has fabricated the very principles of our Fashion Industry today and created an everlasting legacy for eras to come. In the quaint countryside of Saumur, France on August 19th, 1883 Gabrielle Chanel was born. Through her first years of her life, Coco found company with her five siblings. However, Gabrielle’s†¦show more content†¦Without a shred of doubt, Gabrielle looked to these confident women in the novellas as her role models. Taking the initiative of these characters, Gabrielle took her first step towards moving on to the next chapter in her life by leaving the monastery where she was raised. As her first job(s), she worked as a seamstress and shop assistant by day and a music-hall performer by night. It was at this music hall where she gained her lifetime nickname, Coco, from a popular song that she often performed at the hall. In her future years, Chanel became known for her highly publicized relationships with prominent men. Within the hours of labor, Coco charmed many men, one of which happened to be the wealthy army officer, Etienne Balsan. Balsan was captivated by Coco and her charismatic qualities. Soon enough, he asked her to live with him in his grand, vacuous manor. Upon being thrown into the lavish lifestyle of France’s elite, Coco found herself bored. It was here where she got her first taste of high-class fashion and was instantaneously inspired to construct her own style. Jaded by the monotonous lifestyle of the privileged, Chanel requested to make use of Balsan’s Paris flat. Once she moved to the capitol of trend, Coco felt ready to take on her next adventure: fashion. Still absorbed into theShow MoreRelatedThe Fashion Design Of Chanel990 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of femininity as much in style as in the essence, commissioned the chemist Ernest Beaux to develop what will become the symbol of international perfumery. Chanel No. 5 is unquestionably the most legendary ever made fragrance, described as an opera of olfactory art. Independent, unconventional, and provocative, Coco Chanel transformed her unfamiliar name into an obligatory reference point for fashion design of the twentieth. As an icon of female strength, she translates the complexity andRead MoreA Masterpiece Of Olfactory Art992 Words   |  4 PagesChanel No. 5: a masterpiece of olfactory art It has been over a century since Mademoiselle Chanel, determined to reform the concept of femininity as much in style as in the essence, commissioned at the chemist Ernest Beaux what will become the symbol of the international perfumery. Chanel No. 5 is unquestionably the most legendary ever made fragrance, described as an opera of olfactory art. Independent, unconventional, and provocative Coco Chanel transformed her unfamiliar name in an obligatory referenceRead MoreCoco Chanel and Fashion Essay994 Words   |  4 Pages Coco Chanel, born Gabrielle Bonhuer Chanel, on August 19, 1883 in Saumur, France was an amazing woman who redefined fashion as we know it today. She was a clothing designer who revolutionized the fashion industry with her suits, little black dresses, and avant garde flare. Because of this quickly in her young life she became well know, and rose to be the fashion icon that she is today. From the timeless designs that are still popular to this day, and the sophistica ted outfits that can be pairedRead MoreCfew2473 Words   |  10 PagesBottom of Form * Born:  August 19, 1882 in Saumur, France * Died:  January 10, 1971 in Paris, France * Nationality:  French * Occupation:  Fashion designer Legend.  Coco  Chanel  once declared, Legend is the consecration of celebrity, and no other fashion designer in history has exceeded either  Chanels celebrity or her legend. She was a fiercely independent lover of dukes, industrialists, and artists; a confidante of many of the creative geniuses of her day—among them, writer Jean CocteauRead MoreFeasibility Study for a Beach Resort16987 Words   |  68 Pagesisland. Seasoned climbers consider Mount Halcon, the country’s fourth-highest peak, as one of the most challenging mountain treks. Mindoro’s breathtaking mountains also shelter numerous majestic bodies of water, like the Tamaraw Falls. Developing Mindoro[5] The development plan of Mindoro is fairly simple. Local government officials want to take advantage of the province’s best assets: location and topography. Mindoro has booming fishing and farming sectors. It has an established reputation for havingRead MoreCreativity in Advertising15483 Words   |  62 PagesAdvertising campaign is always desirable because: 1. Consumers are forgetful. 2. Consumers get confused with advertising messages. 3. Consumers sometime overlook advertisements. 4. New prospects emerge over advertisement period of time. 5. A part of advertising effort goes waste because some buyers are not real prospects when advertisement appears. 6. Continuity in message as reminder. 3.3 Factor influencing planning of an advertising campaign: 1.

Media †‘Die Another Day’ Free Essays

In the making of the film Die Another Day the creators needed to produce a piece of work that would carry on appealing to many of the audience. They needed to create a film that would be entertaining for the younger generation as new followers of Bond films, while still keeping the same basic formula that had appealed to the older audience for many years. These films have been in the cinemas for forty years and are the longest running film series ever, so this shows the original class of Bond film must work very well. We will write a custom essay sample on Media – ‘Die Another Day’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today each time a Bond film comes out there are increasing box office receipts, partly due to the popularity of the Brosnan Bond films. Nevertheless, the producers thought that the twentieth Bond film needed a change. Either the film style needed changing or an extra dimension needed to be added. They decided to try to keep what they saw as the superior quality of the series of films but to attempt to add more dynamic action and dare-devil stunts to their winning formula. They felt a need to create more tension and excitement. Several special filming techniques help to create tension and excitement. For example a wide variety of shots make the audience feel that they have a good overall view of the ice-lake chase because the camera is constantly cutting, letting the audience know exactly what’s happening from every angle. Cutting provides a vast variety of shots in a small space of time i. e. distance shots, rapidly followed by close up shots make the audience feel up-to-date and involved in what is happening. It gives fast-moving action by using close-up and distance shots, for example Zao’s cool smirk as Bond’s car overturns. Framing is skillfully used to provide the audience with a snap shot of a character’s reaction. For example, when Bond’s car is overturned we are shown a close up of Zao’s smirking face. I think this successfully makes the audience feel involved. Framing is also used to emphasize Zao’s disbelief as Bond manages to flip the car back over. By adding daredevil action and special effects the producers manage to create the extra tension particularly enjoyed by the fast-action-loving younger generation. One reason why the Bond films are so successful is because of the excitement and tension in the films even though everyone knows Bond will save the day, kill the baddy and save anyone else caught up in the action, including his lady friend. Even though we know the basis of what will happen in the film before it is premiered at the cinema, we still enjoy the films. I believe that one of the main reasons for this is the thrill of all the action in the Bond films and the original high class of Bond movies, which not only made the earlier films a success, but also continues to make their popularity grow. How to cite Media – ‘Die Another Day’, Papers

Relation Between Health and Human Right - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Is there a relationship between health and human rights? Answer: The human right for the healthcare means each and every people having the right to avail the best quality of physical and mental health. It includes access to all health care services such as medicines, proper sanitation, sufficient food, housing and a good environment. Medicare, a government health scheme provides the public health care to the Australian citizen and the permanent residents. Medicare covers a range of service for a very little cost or no cost (Nicholson et al., 2012). The human right to health promises a sound and perfect healthcare protection for each individual. Every person has the right to get the care for health they need and proper living conditions which enables the people to stay healthy. The health care must be given to the people for the benefit of the public. Health care professionals take care of the human rights and the heat issues which help them in promoting the health conditions of the common people (Britt et al., 2013. The health policies and programs are used for promoting the human rights. These policies can also be misused or violated in their design and implementation in the healthcare system. There are many different types of connections between health care and human rights. The discriminatory practices in the healthcare system are a threat to the physical and mental healthcare. The violation of the human rights is the biggest issue in the designing the policies and during implementing the health policies (Hunt, 2006). Throughout the world most of the people dont have access to the basic mental and physical health care. Some of the people dont have any access to the healthcare due to lack of economy. Violation of human rights is one of the causes of poor health care conditions (Ivanov, Oden, 2013). The responsibilities of patients include the actions which are needed for the patients that the healthcare providers can provides. They can make proper care, address accurate needs of the patients and maintain a good healthcare facility. The relationship between the human rights and the healthcare practices is vey affective. The health policies cause the strong positive and negative impacts on the healthcare. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the promotion and protection of health requires a strong efforts for the protection of human rights and dignity. In addition to this a proper care of the health can be done by the fulfillment of the human rights and its social determinants. It can also be said that a proper human right is necessary for the proper healthcare treatment and vice versa. References: Britt, H., Miller, G. C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., ... O'Halloran, J. (2013).General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health(No. 33). Sydney University Press. Health Nursing, vol.30 issue(3), p.231-238. Hunt, P. (2006). The human right to the highest attainable standard of health: new opportunities and challenges.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,vol100 issue(7), p.603-607. Ivanov, L. L., amp; Oden, T. L. (2013). Public health nursing, ethics and human rights.Public Nicholson, C., Jackson, C. L., Marley, J. E., Wells, R. (2012). The Australian experiment: how primary health care organizations supported the evolution of a primary health care system.The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine,25(Suppl 1), S18-S26.

George Wyche Essays (209 words) - Ancient Greek Philosophy

George Wyche Susan Sontag In Plato's Cave from the book: On Photography Within this paper is a different outlook on photography, Susan in her thesis statement proposes that when piled up into a film that the photos themselves lose their collectable aspect rather than if they were compiled together in a book. She later states that looking a one single image holds a visual tangibility and has a big emotional impact as well. Susan brings up David Hill and Julia Cameron who took photos in the min set that they were capturing paintings but in a broader spectrum so that they could include a larger number of subjects. Susan includes a lot about the history of physicality of actually taking an image. In the early days there weren't per say professional photographers, so people had to invent the rules and figure things out for themselves. She concludes with saying that in todays age that photography has progressed so much that everything is in picture form. I agree with the old form of picture taking, that it was laborious and took thought and directive to captur e art. I love the rawness of it and I try to convey the old ways of picture taking in my art and the pictures that I take.

Explain What Qualities You Think a Best Friend Should Have and Explain Giving Examples Why You Think This Essay Example

Explain What Qualities You Think a Best Friend Should Have and Explain Giving Examples Why You Think This Essay Example Explain What Qualities You Think a Best Friend Should Have and Explain Giving Examples Why You Think This Essay Explain What Qualities You Think a Best Friend Should Have and Explain Giving Examples Why You Think This Essay Many people will walk in and out of your life, but only true friends will leave footprints in your heart. ? Anon I think this is a very good definition of a best friend, But the quality makes a true friend. Best friends don’t have to be best in study or work, but he or she have to be best in their morality or in another word quality. First of all I think the honest of a friend is the most important quality a best friend should have, if a friend will lie to you, there will be no trust between you and her, and we all know the friendship is base on trust and true. Just imagine if your best friend is not honest, so she always tell you the things is not true, for example in a business she knows this plan will make you fail and loss a lot of money, but she still tell you this is a perfect plan and you listen to her, it will not only hurt yourself but also hurt a lot of people who is helping you, it might break the trust of you company. And because of this failure your future is possibly going to change, and your confidents will decrese . Secondly I think a friend have to be good at listen to your voice but not only talk and care about herself in another word selfish. Think if there is a friend you just care about herself you help her a lot but she don’t know to do anything for you or even think I should listen to her opinion or problems, how terrible is that. My teacher told me listen is the best beauty in the world, so if your friend knows this best beauty she must be one of the best of your best friend. Fr. Jerome Cummings said Friend is one who knows us, but loves us anyway. So a friend need to be generous to you this not means she will always give you gift or gives you benefit all the time but it means she will pardon you when you make mistake and help you to correct your mistake, taking you out from the bad situation. Never tease you and laughing at you. This is what I think a best friend should have.

Book Review Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Review Questions - Essay Example book draws conclusions based on Talmudic tradition in the creation of Elishas framework life, Steinberg wrote that the novel is developed from historical data .The data does not include any efforts of rigid conformity and literal confinement. The American Jewish literature is spirited and forms a classic historical explanation of ancient apostate Elisha Abuyah within the first century. An integral component of the story is a question relating to faith and loss of faith coupled with the rebellion and repression of the Jews to Palestine rule. Elisha is displayed as a leading scholar across Palestine who is elected into Sanhedrin; that is the top-most Jewish court for the land. However, two major tragedies awaken a series of doubt on Elishas mind about God (Steinberg 90). The doubt suppressed his faith. He journeyed into Antioch at Syria to start the conquest through Roman and Greek culture for fundamental truth and was declared an excommunicated and heretic from Jewish communities. The process of narrative illustrates Elisha having direct encounters of the force of the all-consuming culture in ancient Romans. Elisha also forced Rome’s power in choosing between loyalty to people or to own quest for truth. The people were rebelling against domination by the emperor. The Chosen narrates of a friendship after World War II between two Jewish boys who grow up in Brooklyn. The narrator and a protagonist are traditional Orthodox Jews. The character appears to have extreme dedication for scholarly work and humanitarianism. Other protagonists are brilliant and have photographic memory and passion in psychoanalysis. Over time, the story shows that the friendship developing between the two boys is marred with tensions arising from collision of cultures to each other. Modern American society also causes strain on the friendship (Potok 132). The literary themes in the book are inclusive of widespread references of senses like sight and pursuit of truth in the world. Reb

Managing in ContemporaryTimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing in ContemporaryTimes - Essay Example Discussion Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. This part of the essay will discuss about the impact of personality of Doug Ivester on the entire organizational culture with the help of The Big Five Personality Trait Model. Big Five Personality Trait The Big Five Personality Traits are referred as five broad dimensions or domains of personality of an individual that are utilized to describe the personality of several human beings in the field of psychology. These particular five factors are openness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and conscientiousness. Openness is the particular dimension that includes having broad interest, and being insightful and imaginative to new experiences. Openness is the degree to which an individual has a wide range of interest, creativity and innovation (Jones & George, 2008). The wide dimension of extraversion includes various specific traits, such as energetic, talkative and asserti ve. This extraversion characteristic also includes the characteristic of self-preference, individuality and dominance. Agreeableness dimension includes several specific traits, such as kind, affectionate and sympathetic. ... It is better to have a leader with less positive traits and none negative traits. Negative traits act as the constraint for a leader to return back to the position the leader was famous for. Several personality traits define the characteristic and personality of the managers or leaders in the organization. It is true that all the leaders and managers follow different leadership style to manage workplace environment and business performance of the organization. Different leadership highly depends upon the different personality traits of the managers and leaders. Therefore, different personality traits can impact on the organizational culture differently. Following example will help the reader to understand the impact of personality of a leader on entire organizational culture. Impact on Coca Cola’s Organizational Culture It is discussed earlier that Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. It is clear from above discussion that the dimension of extraversion includes various traits, such as talkative, assertive and energetic that defines the personality of a leader. The personality of Doug Ivester was the example of opposite of the extraversion dimension. He served the organization for a shorter period of time. He had a low degree both extrovert and dominant. He was known to be very reserved person in several situations (Alkahtani, Abu-jarad, Sulaiman & Nikbin, 2011). In addition to this, he did not have the desire to motivate others. He was only concerned about strategy development, strategy implementation and focusing on the performance of the strategies. He never understood the significance of interpersonal relationship with the employees of various departments. In

Financial Reporting and Accountability exam questions Essay

Financial Reporting and Accountability exam questions - Essay Example 6 Consolidations: Qualitative 7 Why do regulators require consolidations? 7 What is fair value and why is it an important concept in consolidation? 7 Why do regulators require inter-company profits to be removed from consolidations? 7 Corporate Governance 8 What is ‘the public interest’ and what is its relationship to accounting? 8 Do we need mandatory regulation of reporting? If so how should we regulate? Are there major problems? 8 IASB and due process – what are the stages of due process – why is convergence with the US important? 9 What is the ‘market for corporate takeovers’ and the ‘market for managers’ – and what impact have these on accounting disclosure? 10 Reporting Financial Statements Why is one of the elements of the financial statements useful to shareholders? Statement of the changes in position of equity for a company provides the movement of the holding position of the equity shareholders. This statement gen erally comprises of the net profits that can be attributed to the shareholders, the changes in the share capital reserves, the dividend that is paid to the shareholder, the effect of the accounting policy changes or the any kind of changes that has been done to correct any error in the previous period. This is an essential statement that needs to be disclosed to the shareholders because the factors that have an effect on the changes in the position can be known. This statement would be reflecting the nature of the changes that take place in the equity reserves which otherwise would not be available to the shareholders. For example the issue and redemption of the share capital can only be obtained from the statement of financial position. What is the purpose of one kind of disclosure e.g. discontinued activities, or expenses such as audit? Discontinued operations of an enterprise would entail those activities by which the company would be selling a component through any transaction o r demerger or would be disposing off the assets or liabilities of the organisation or abandoning any component of the business. It is important for a company to make the disclosures of the discontinued operations because it would help in assessing the cash flows of the enterprise, the capacity to generate earnings and to make proper segregation of the information about the discontinuing operations form that of the continuing operations. Organisations should cite the evidence of auditing process in the annual statements. Thus the fees that are paid for the auditing as well as the non auditing services need to be paid. On the other hand it is considered that the independence of the auditors is essential for a sound and fair auditing process. Hence by the payment of the fees the quality of auditing in the organisation is ensured. Earnings per Share Basic and diluted EPS Basic EPS is the earnings of the company that accrues to the shareholders of the organisation. Basic EPS is derived b y dividing the net profit of the company by the total amount of outstanding shares. The amount net profit is calculated after distribution of the dividends to the preference shareholders. This may be explained with the example of the following example. Suppose the Net Profit available for a company is $ 40000. And the number of equity shares outstanding is 2000. Then the EPS of the company would be $50. Diluted EPS on the other hand is the net profit of the company divided by the number of equ

Examining The Benefits Of Globalisation Economics Essay

Examining The Benefits Of Globalisation Economics Essay Globalisation has benefited everyone. It helped all the people to increase their living standards, brought advantages to organisations and businesses and enabled economies to develop. Discuss. Proponents of globalisation are of the view that it has benefited everyone and helped to pull millions upon millions out of poverty. However a close analysis of the affects of globalisation tell a very different story. While it is true that globalisation has benefited many, it has had an equally devastating effect on the lives of many others and made true development more of a mirage rather than a reality (Dunning, 2003). This essay will critically analyse and discuss the benefits and disadvantages of globalisation and will conclude by either agreeing or disagreeing with the above statement. Even though globalisation is the buzzword today, it has been in existence in some form or another for over a century. After World War II many regions of the world that were reeling from the devastating effects of the war, came together to create trade agreements that would help each of those regions to grow in the post war era. The European Union is one such trade agreement as is the NAFTA agreement, GATT, APEC, ASEAN and many others. Due to the advances made in technology, especially in the telecommunication industry, globalisation saw a rapid increase in the latter part of the 20th century (Guillen, 2001). The ultimate goal of globalisation was to liberalise formerly closed economies, integrate national economies and create one huge global economy that would not only decrease trade barriers and increase trade and corporation but would also help poorer and developing nations to become industrialised thus uplifting the living standards of billions (Grewal, 2006). While the goals and objectives of globalisation are noble, such goals and objectives are not very easy to achieve. Even though the above may look good in theory, in reality it is easier said than done and usually causes more damage to economies, the social fabric of nations and the environment as a whole (Suà ¡rez-Orozco Qin-Hilliard, 2004). With the onset of globalisation in its current form, which began in the late 1980s and has been gathering steam, many manufacturing organisations in the west have seen their profitability increase. The reason for this positive effect on the bottom line has been chiefly due to the fact that globalisation allowed these companies to relocate their manufacturing plants to developing countries, where labour is cheap. In doing so they were able to reduce the cost of the products and become more profitable. While such a relocation, may have benefited the developing economy where the plant was relocated to, it left huge numbers of individuals unemployed in its home country (Helbling, Batini Cardarelli, 2005). Thus it can be stated that while one economy gained jobs and was able to uplift the living standard of many, another economy lost jobs, which had an equally devastating effect, while the company in question continued to earn profits and prosper. During the 1990s and to date, India is one such country that has benefited immensely from globalisation. Throughout the past decade or more many European and North American, technology companies have outsourced their software development to India, which rose up to the challenge and has become a global IT giant. While such a growth in employment has benefited the country and helped to create a new middle class, globalisation has not been as favourable to its closest neighbour Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka with a literacy rate of 90% has seen much foreign direct investment in the garment sector. While this has helped the country to keep unemployment levels down, the semi-skilled or low skilled nature of the jobs that are available to its citizens does not help the country to grow and prosper to the level that globalisation has aided India (Schmidt Hersh, 2000). On the contrary, Sri Lanka has seen a severe increase in underemployment of its university educate youth, who due to the lack of white collar jobs, have had to resort to working in the garment industry (Kiggundu, 2002). As is apparent from the above, while globalisation benefits one segment of the population, its affects are not equal, on the contrary they are mixed, thereby it can be stated that the above statement is not accurate in its view of globalisation. Proponents of globalisation often cite the fact that increased demand for export from developing countries, create an inflow of foreign exchange revenue and increases employment opportunities, which in turn helps the country to develop (Bhagwati, 2004). While this is true to some extent, there is an equally disadvantageous side to this phenomenon. In order for employment opportunities to increase in an economy, it requires output growth to exceed productivity growth. At the same time for profitability to increase, it needs productivity growth to outpace output growth. This conflict in the two, results in companies opting to increase productivity at the expense of output growth. Thus even though the developing economies have bent backwards to attract foreign direct investment by providing tax cuts, capital and natural resources etc, in the hopes of boosting domestic employment and earning foreign exchange revenues. The companies that enter the country usually plunder the capital and n atural resources made available to them (Samli, 2002). And instead of making use of the labour that is available to them, they automate their production processes to a great extent. Further they return much of the profits earned to the parent company and its shareholders who are often resident in developed economies (Smith Debrah, 2002). Here again it is apparent that while globalisation has helped businesses to develop and become more profitable, the benefits of globalisation are often enjoyed by the developed economies, rather than the developing economy that were supposed to benefit, in the first place. As a part of the initiative to liberalise an economy, most developing economies were forced to reduce welfare spending in terms of healthcare, education and social assistance. Further in order to attract foreign direct investment into the country, most of these economies were required to relax their stringent labour laws, which have resulted in the exploitation of workers (Murshed, 2002). While it is true that many multi-national companies are now operating in developing economies and have helped to increase employment levels within the country. The lack of strong labour laws, allow these companies to pay meagre wages to their employees and not a living wage as is the ethical thing to do. This combined with the lack of universal health care and education has a devastating affect on the workers (Brysk, 2002). While they may have a job and are able to earn a living, their wages are usually insufficient for paying for more than food and rent. Thus making it impossible for this segment t o educate their children adequately (Mittelman, 2002). Thereby causing a vicious cycle, where the children end up in low skilled or semi skilled jobs much like their parents and unable to breakout of poverty (Midgley, 2007). The lack of education and healthcare also has a catastrophic affect in the long term for the economy, as it will never be able to make the leap from being a developing economy to a developed economy as long as its citizens lack a strong education (Micklethwait Wooldridge, 2001). Further this lack of education not only will increase the wealth disparities within the economy, but it will also continue to increase the disparity between developed and developing nations in the long run. Based on the discussion above it is apparent that globalisation has been very advantageous to businesses. While it is a fact that some countries like India and China have benefited immensely from globalisation and seen the prosperity of their citizens increase to unprecedented levels, other countries have not been so lucky. On the contrary, globalisation has succeeded in further increasing the social challenges faced by these countries and pushed the dream of becoming a developed economy further out of their reach (Micklethwait Wooldridge, 2001). Therefore it can be stated that the statement Globalisation has benefited everyone. It helped all the people to increase their living standards, brought advantages to organisations and businesses and enabled economies to develop is only partially true.

Hamlet: Act 2 Scene 2 :: Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet: Act 2 Scene 2 - Compare Hamlet's Reaction to Arrival of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and To the Players Compare Hamlet's reaction to the arrival of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with his reaction to the arrival of the Playyers. Account for his reactions.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By comparing Hamlet's reaction to the arrival of   Rosencrantz and Guildenstern  Ã‚   with his reaction to the arrival of the Players, we can observe the different perspectives of Hamlet's character. His reaction to the arrival of his old friends is similar to his reaction to the arrival of the Players in as he is happy to see them all and he reveals his sanity to them all. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern arrive, Hamlet is overjoyed to see his   "excellent good friends" (2.2.227) with whom he grew up. Hamlet is also delighted to meet with the Players. But this is where all the similarities end. In his conversations with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet becomes suspicious of the purpose of his old friends' visit and he is perceptive enough to see through the outer disguise into the interior motives. He forces them to reveal that they have been sent by the King to find out what is causing Hamlet's "transformation" ( 2.2.5). Hamlet admits his sanity by telling his good friends that his "uncle- father and aunt mother are deceived." (2.2.348)   Why does Hamlet admit his sanity to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern? Is it an another attempt to at deception, or is it to implant a sense of trust between Hamlet and his old friends? Hamlet could possibly be furthering his plans for revenge by admitting his sanity. Hamlet's friends would relay the message to the King and Claudius may think that Hamlet really is mad for admitting that he was supposedly feigning madness. On the other hand, at the conversation with the Players, his behavior is spontaneous. He welcomes his "good friends" (2.2.431) and it seems that he is "glad" (2.2.430) to see them again. He is friendly, funny and very open in his communication with the Players. Hamlet notices that one of the young players who plays female roles has grown a beard and he makes a joke about it. It also indicates that Hamlet has known them for a long time. The young Prince Hamlet also demonstrates his sanity when meeting with the Players. Hamlet shows that he is still capable of reasonable thought when he recites the lines to a play that he has heard only once. Hamlet reestablishes his friendship with the Players and shows his sanity to the Players so that he can further his plan for revenge.

Human: Ethics and Corporate Governance Essay

Business ethics at Chancellor College has as its main objective offering appropriate theoretical and practical formation in ethics as applied to the context of corporate governance. This objective is motivated by our interest at preparing our students for the various challenges they will encounter in their various businesses which they will undertake. We believe as a university that their success in business is partly dependant on their knowledge and practical readiness in confronting moral issues which will be part and parcel of their everyday experience at work place. Expectations It is expected that at the end of our course, students will be capable of demonstrating their understanding of the following: the basic ideas in the context of ethics; corporate Governance in general; and the application of ethical insights in corporate governance. The university expects further that the students will develop the personal ability to know how they can apply the various insights learned in their own activities after their graduation. Prescribed Texts1 1. Shaw, WH (2005): Business Ethics Thomson Wadsworth, Bangalore. India 2. Crane A and Matten D (2004): Business Ethics. Oxford University Press. New York. USA 3. Velasquez MG (2004): Business Ethics (Concepts and Cases). 5th Edition. Prentice Hall. New Delhi. India. Other texts will be given together with the rest of the module. 1 NB: This is conditioned by what we have in the library. 3 Business Ethics: Revision 0. General Introduction Welcome back to my lectures on Business Ethics after a long holiday of the so called Academic Freedom. I am aware of the fact that most of you have gone backwards intellectually, but we will try to catch up. I will commerce by making you aware of the relevance of our lectures or this field of study. Increasing current research in the context of business studies has shown a great interest in understanding and developing further the issue of corporate governance, for instance, O’Donavan’s ‘A Board of Corporative Governance’, Aras G & Crowther D. work on Culture and Corporate Governance [2008]; Coley J. ‘What is Corporate Governance’ [2005]; Monks R. A. G & Monow Nell’s work ‘Corporate Governance’ [2008]; and many others. This big interest in corporate governance suggests the centrality of understanding corporations and the incumbent mechanisms in doing any business. Indeed for our business to prosper necessitates a thorough knowledge of the various mechanisms in this context. Aware of the centrality of corporate governance, this course therefore suggests studying an aspect of this theme that is, the understanding of ethics inside this context. This study falls under the general study of ethics in the context of business studies, normally known as business ethics. The course has five parts as indicated in the course outline above. The first part deals with a theoretical presentation of ethics. This is directed at introducing the student to the ethical theories and principles which are then reflected in the context of corporate governance. The second part develops a theoretical understanding of what business is, through the study of the general aspects of ‘corporate governance’. This is intended at acting as a background where insights from ethics are discussed. The third part discusses ethics inside the corporations. It focuses more on how corporations utilize ethics in their systems as a fundamental component.

2 Year Better Than 4

ESLL26-08 04/17/2013 Journal Homework#1 In the article that I read, â€Å"Two Years Are Better Than Four†, Liz Addison, expresses her opinion on community colleges, which she believes that the community college system should be regarded as one of America’s uniquely great institutions, not only because community colleges lets students have a place to start their higher education, but also because community colleges is critical to the nation by offering people a network of affordable future, of accessible hope, and an option to dream.Addison firstly refutes Rick Perlstein’s opinion and states â€Å"My guess, reading between the lines, is that Mr. Perlstein has never set foot in an American Community College†. Then coupled with the writing that came before this statement, this line sets up Addison’s paper and provides the reader with her thesis â€Å"The philosophy of the community college is one that unconditionally allows its students to begin†. And Addison properly concluded her opinion of community colleges towards the end of the essay that the community college really matters to these students, from different backgrounds.It services them a way to prove themselves who would never breathe the college experience. From where I stand, I would look on the community college as a turning point for the whole life rather than a start. Regardless of what background you had or how horrible your life was — yes, they make everyone equal —- and there you will have one shot, one opportunity to make your whole life a big turn. For workers, they will approach the higher education.Community colleges make a balance of occupation and education for them; it becomes possible to take the class after working. The working people have already had rich experience, but lacking of theoretical knowledge, and there they may master it so that they can make progress in their work and improve the quality of their lives. For students who a re not ready for the 4-year universities, they will find discovery of a two-year preparation and transfer to a better university. Take myself as an example.I graduate from a high school in China and just moved in America last month. Failing the exam or dropping out of school may happen to me if I go to a 4-year university directly without language training and then I would spend the rest of my life in the restaurant on waiting tables. Thank of the community college, it offers a key to the American society and live that I can grow up a little bit with my first English class, a bit more with making American friends, a whole lot more with understanding American culture. My life is going to turn with just a placement test.

Tablets versus Textbooks Essay Example

Tablets versus Textbooks Essay Example Tablets versus Textbooks Essay Tablets versus Textbooks Essay One in three grownups own a tablet. As tablets are going more and more common a new argument has formed over whether K-12 school territories should exchange from print text editions to digital text editions on tablets. The first benefit of digital text edition is that pupils will hold new information at their fingertips. The 2nd benefit is that high degree instruction prefers tablets. The negative about holding a tablet is that many people don’t have wi-fi. As you can see, the benefits out-weigh the negatives by far and at that place truly should be no argument. On a tablet e-textbooks can be updated immediately to acquire new editions or information. Schools will non hold to constantly purchase new transcripts, which few public schools buy due to the high monetary values of text editions. Most public schools still have history books from when Bush was president. FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said that, too many pupils are utilizing books that are 7-10 old ages old with out-of-date material. Subjects are particularly beneficiary to topics that invariably change, such as Science and History. On e-textbooks new editions and new information can be invariably at your fingertips. High-level instruction functionaries prefer tablets over text editions. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan and Federal Communications Commission chair Julius Genachowski said on February 1, 2012 that schools and publishing houses should switch to digital text editions within five old ages to further synergistic instruction, salvage money on books, and guarantee schoolrooms in the US usage up-to-date content. The federal authorities, in coaction with several tech organisations, released a seventy-page usher for schools called the Digital Textbook Playbook, a roadmap for pedagogues to speed up the passage to digital textbooks. Some say that utilizing tablets is more expensive than utilizing print text editions. Puting tablets in K-12 schools involves purchasing the tablet and the text editions, constructing new wi-fi constructions, and developing decision makers how to utilize the engineering. Costss for e-textbooks on IPad tablets are 552 % higher than new print text editions in an mean high school. A outstanding instruction selling expert Lee Wilson, estimated the one-year cost per pupil per twelvemonth to be 71 dollars and 55 cents versus 14 dollars and 26 cents for print text editions. Although, this is true they are believing of the now and non maintaining in head the later. Right now, yes that much money will be spent but in the long draw it will add up to salvage you money. Just in a twelvemonth E-textbooks can salvage schools between two-hundred and 50 dollars and one thousand dollars per pupil per twelvemonth. Besides, tablet monetary values are dropping as the old ages go by, doing them even more low-cost. Tablets cost on mean four-hundred and 89 dollars in 2011, three hundred and 86 dollars in 2012, and are projected to be two hundred and 63 dollars in 2015. In the terminal utilizing tablets is less expensive than utilizing text editions. As times are altering it’s of import that we roll with the times. Using tablets in school will assist provide pupils with new information all the clip and high degree instruction prefers them. Some may hold incorrect readings of them being more expensive than text editions but as you read, they are non. Clark, Alli. Online Textbooks: Friend or Foe? – Private Tutoring and Test Prep – Educational Connections. Private Tutoring and Test Prep Educational Connections. N.p. , 3 Sept. 2013. Web. 07 Oct. 2013. LEAD Commission. Lead Commission, Np. , Nd. Web 27, September 2013. Long, Julie. IT Solutions Blog. 9 Benefits Of Classroom Technology: Ebooks. N.p. , 28 June 2013. Web. 07 Oct. 2013.

The Role of Orientalism in Western Conceptions of the Islamic Essay - 1

The Role of Orientalism in Western Conceptions of the Islamic Tradition - Essay Example In Orientalism, Edward Said writes that the West reckons the Islamic states to be static and undeveloped, which fabricates a view that Oriental culture can be studied, depicted and reproduced. This implies the idea that Western society is developed, rational, flexible, and superior. 1 Such view from the above does not give a complete picture of what the society has to offer. Some of the most famous ancient scientists, for example, Omar Khayyam, one of the supposed founders of algebra, belonged to the Oriental world; ancient Persia, unlike the tribes of the territory where modern Iraq is located, was the center of science, arts, and culture of its time. Islam as a very severe and, as it seems from the first look, cruel religion, creates its own image as a dictatorship of its norms and laws over a man and demands strict obeying, which is very difficult for the Western conscience of liberal world perception, and it leads to formulating of conceptions (and misconceptions as well) which a re not always true. It is necessary to define and investigate into such ones and to understand the role of Orientalism in their emergence. In Western Democracy and Islamic Tradition: The Application of Shari’a in a Modern World, Melanie Reed rises a matter of human rights in Islam. â€Å"While most scholars would agree that minimal human rights standards exist, the correct implementation of such standards is a topic of hot debate. In light of recent international conflicts, the relationship between religion and human rights, and in particular Islam and human rights, is a pressing topic.†2 Indeed, some Islamic countries, especially those with strong traditions of tribal society, Pakistan, Afghanistan, for instance, are an endless source of news about terrorist attacks, blood shooting, hostages taking and other possible violation of human rights. Islam, implying a solid faith in God, may result in society’s looking for the embodiment of such God – strong, wise, caring.

Air Pollution in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Air Pollution in China - Essay Example The health analysts have promised more disease such as lung cancer, pulmonary diseases, and other health complications as a consequence of the air pollution trends. Cumulatively, the effects of air pollution have a negative impact on the economic growth of a country, which is a severe problem in society. Consequently, there is a need to focus on the causes of air pollution, its impacts and the possible preventive measures that can be used to mitigate against the scourge. Reilly (2011, p. 1) points out that the progressive development of China for three consecutive decades has come along with adverse consequences on the environment. In the last 30 years, China has experienced the highest level of industrial development which has consistently contributed to the development of this state. However, industrialization has been accompanied by the emission of hazardous gases in the atmosphere which has contributed to an increase in the carbon dioxide gas content in the atmosphere. Most indus tries use crude oil products to fuel their machines as the source of industrial power. The by product of these industries include smoke, whose carbon dioxide content is high and additive to the atmosphere. As most industries regard the cost of fuel as cheaper than that of electricity, they opt to use this kind of power and consequently contributing to build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Urbanisation is another factor that has contributed to the increased air pollution in the atmospheres. With development of industries, most people have relocated to urban areas in search of job opportunities and better livelihoods. This population build up in China towns predisposes the environment to the risk of air pollution. For instance, Beijing alone has a population of more that 22 million people, a figure that is more than double the population in New York City (Policy and Global Affairs, 2005). As people obtain job in the urban areas, they have the ability to purchase vehicles that run by diesel or petrol. For instance, in Beijing, every day the town experience an increase in its automotive by a figure of 2000 new cars. This trend promises an increase in the rate of air pollution and an increase in the adverse effects of the carbon dioxide surge in the atmosphere. This has sent an alarm to environmentalists to design effective mitigative measures to reduce and if possible eliminate the level of air pollution in China. In the rural areas of China, solid fuels contribute to the increase in the rates of air pollution in the country (Policy and Global Affairs, 2005, P. 6). One characteristic of the rural areas in China is that they have the poorest and disadvantaged groups who live well below the poverty line. This lifestyle makes it hard for the people to afford alternative means of fuel such as electricity and they have to resort to the use of coal, corn stalks, firewood and other biomass. Burning these solid fuels produces a lot of smoke that contains high leve ls of carbon dioxide and other unfriendly gases that are unhealthy for human consumption. Coupled with the fact that this population has no chimney facilities accelerates the rate of air pollution in the atmosphere. The fact that the majority of the population lives in rural areas makes it even more complex to induce preventive measures to curb environmental pollution in this region of China. In essence, Energy is a

Research Topic Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Topic Identification - Essay Example For example, when I studied the article written by Dufwenderg (2011) on game theory to explain the human psychology, I found the cognitive understanding of the psychology as an essential part of the psychology to have grip to answer most of the question of human psychology. We consider Chess games as the toughest games and there is a requirement of minds that can decide rationally but Ewerhart (2000) argues that Chess-like games are solvable in at most two steps. This is the power of cognitive powers that a human mind can use to solve the complex problems. Another important aspect of cognitive psychology is that it starts observing the human psychology right from beginning. This is the basic way to explore and drive new dimensions in the field of Psychology. This is illustrated by Eacott and Crawley (1999) by analyzing on the childhood amnesia. Childhood amnesia refers to the inability of children and adults to recall events that took place during their infancy and early childhood (H ayne & Jack, 2011). This is very augmenting for me to choose the cognitive psychology in order to learn on ways that can reflect the human psychology. Dufwenberg, M. (2001). Game theory. Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Sciences. Vol. 2 (2). p. 167. Ewerhart, C.

Assess the case against Moral Elitism Essay Example for Free

Assess the case against Moral Elitism Essay Moral Elitist believe in a metaphysical claim: there are moral facts and an epistemic claim: we have access to them. According to moral relativism, there are no moral principles or values objectively real and applicable to everyone; rather, what’s right/wrong and good/bad essentially depends on individual preference or culture, and this varies from person to person or group to group. There is not just one moral fact but instead there are millions and we access them be research. There are two different forms of moral elitism one is cultural relativism which based on societies and the other is in the individualistic form, moral subjectivism. Moral relativism seems tolerant (â€Å"you do your thing and I’ll do mine†), but is it reasonable to believe? We should think not. First, let’s look at it in its group or cultural form, cultural relativism. According to cultural relativism, ethics essentially depend on one’s culture or tribe. That is, CR says action X is right or good if the society says X is right or good, and X is wrong or bad if the society says X is wrong or bad. Action X may be right in one culture but wrong in another. Our culture may hold that apartheid is wrong, but another culture may be okay with apartheid, because of a difference in the history of interracial relations. On cultural relativism, then, morality is wholly a matter of cultural invention, i.e. social construction and because such circumstances vary from group to group, so do the constructed moralities. Thus, we shouldn’t impose our culture’s moral values on others, and others shouldn’t push theirs on us. There are no better or worse societies, they are just merely different and so one society cannot judge another. Instead we should be non judgemental and celebrate diversity. Cultural relativism sounds good, but is it sound? Let’s assume that cultural relativism is true, this would be very problematic. The biggest problem for this argument is put forward by G.E Moore’s Open Question. He suggests that the relativists have mis-defined morality, it makes to sense to ask whether society approve of something or it, but does this make it automatically good? This ends up giving support to obviously evil regimes and evil cultural practices. For example it becomes impossible to criticize the Nazis. If Nazi culture says that genocide is right, then, for Nazi Germany, genocide is right. It was just their culture, after all. But we know that we can and should condemn such regimes and practices. There is also the criticism put forward by Objectivists who believe in moral development, where sometimes we have to go against the popular view, we need to be able to compare different societies. For example surely the German society now is much better than how it was like with all the racism involved when Hitler was in power. Objectivists believe that societies are a hierarchy where some are in fact better than others whereas cultural relativism believes in breadth where all societies are equal, but surely their tolerance goes too far? If cultural relativism is true, then internal cultural reform is disabled. What the culture says is right is right, so its not possible for ones culture to be mistaken let alone reformed. Yes, one can critique acts according to cultural standards, but its not possible to criticize ones own cultural standards. However they do arise for example Jesus, Gandhi and Martin Luther King, they were all trying to apply another standard for example Martin Luther King was trying to apply the standard of equality. The existence of cultural reformers is a fact, and this fact counts against cultural relativism. Cultural relativism also self-refutes. If CR is true, it allows for the possibility of a society having a non-relative or absolute morality. That is, on cultural relativism a society could hold that cultural relativism is false, and they would say that this morality is true. So, if cultural relativism, then it is also not true. This is a serious logical problem. There is also the problem of which culture? The one youre born into or the one you presently occupy? When asking someone what cultural groups they belong in they will struggle as they have loads, for example being a student, a Muslim etc. Now let’s look at moral subjectivism. According to moral subjectivism ethics are merely a matter of individual preference. That is, to say action X is right or good if I like X, and X is wrong or bad if I don’t like X. Depending on our feelings, action X may be right for you but wrong for me. You may not like abortion, but I may be okay with abortion, if my feelings are not as troubled by it as yours are. Morality, then, is basically a matter of taste, and tastes vary. People should choose our own morals and have freedom, not simply just accept our parents, society or religion. They are relative to the individual and so are presented through our personal feelings. Feelings are the main index and guide to show what morals we should follow. However this could result in problems as intra-personal criticism is lost. If moral subjectivism is true, whatever we feel is right is right. In other words, we can never be wrong morally and we cannot criticize ourselves (all we can be is true to our feelings). This does not destroy subjectivism but it serves as a red flag against IR, because our pre-theoretic experience of morality is that we sometimes make moral mistakes, in spite of our feelings. We also cannot criticize others. We can’t truly morally condemn the behaviour of, say, Jack the Ripper clearly liked killing women; the feelings of a person justified their actions. In other words, according to subjectivism: Who are we to judge them? There is also the problem of how are our feeling a reliable guide to right and wrong? Sometimes we can misjudge and feelings can cloud our judgement, for example someone with a bad temper might kill someone by accident due to their anger issues. Also reason can sometimes change our feelings, for example if I am on a diet but I feel like I really want a chocolate ice cream, reasoning about this would convince me not to follow my feelings and opt to eat something healthy instead. In conclusion we have seen the two types of moral elitism. Both are quite sophisticated and a lot more open minded. Surely our feelings mater sometimes when it comes to moral decisions. There cannot be just set moral facts as how would everyone even agree about what they are. When trying to decide what is right and wrong, everyone seems to disagree so surely our feelings and following our own society would lead to our moral decisions. However many problems arise logically from moral elitism as sometimes we cannot choose our own morals instead we are a passive recipient where morals impose themselves on us. Following our society or feelings do not necessarily lead us to what is right or wrong and so it’s reasonable to conclude that individual moral relativism is flawed—logically, factually, and morally as following it will lead to wrong situations where wrong things will be condoned. Therefore moral elitism should be rejected.

Cracking Ciphers Through Mathematics

Cracking Ciphers Through Mathematics Math Exploration:  Cracking different Ciphers Rationale From the ancient times to the modern day cryptography has played an important role in our lives. This mathematics exploration is going to look at different ciphers ranging from Monoalphabetic to machine driven cipher. The main use of ciphers is to protect sensitive information when it is being send on paper or digitally. In the 100 BC the Caesar cipher was used by Julius Caesar to send messages to his general which included strategies for war. Now a days these ciphers can be cracked instantly using a computer which makes these ciphers very unsecure. In this exploration I will look at the Caesar Cipher, Vigenà ¨re cipher, Hill Cipher and the Enigma Code machine. The Enigma code machine was one of the most fascinating machines I have encountered in my life. It was a complicated machine and could have been unbreakable if the Germans hadn’t had the flaw. After the war ended â€Å"It was thanks to Ultra (project associated with the cracking of the Enigma) that we won the war.â₠¬  Winston Churchill to King George VI. All the ciphers being explored in this exploration have been cracked using mathematics. Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher: Caesar Shift Cipher: The Caesar Shift Cipher was used by Julius Caesar and thus is named after him. This cipher was used to encrypt military messages. The Caesar cipher is a type of substitution cipher. The Caesar cipher was decrypted 800 years after its creation by an Arab mathematician Al-Kindi using the process of frequency analysis. The Caesar Shift Cipher used the English letters and shifted each letter by 3 places to encrypt it. For Example: In this example let the alphabet be x and the cipher text will be x+3. Plain Text Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Plain text a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w z y z Cipher Text D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z Y Z A B C The plain text is â€Å"attack the castle at dawn†. This is currently plain text and if Caesar send it to his military his enemies could easily find out. But when it is encrypted applying the formula e(x) = (x + k) (mod 26) Using the formula above where x is the plain text number and k is the number by which the cipher is shifted and modulo 26 is the total number of alphabets in the English language. This leads us to the encrypted message from Caesar would be â€Å"dwwdfn wkh fdvwoh dw gdzq† this message could be only decrypted only by the people who knew the shift value. There are only 25 possibilities in this cipher which makes it relatively easier to crack than other ciphers. In the modern age this type of cipher can be decoded in seconds making the message being transmitted very unsecure. Breaking the Caesar Cipher This Cipher was cracked using a method called frequency analysis which bases on the some letters occurring more than other. This process was discovered by Al-Kindi in the 9th century. As we can see from the frequency analysis of the English language there is a lot of repetition of the word e. Thus making it easier to crack the Caesar Cipher or any other similar kind of substitution ciphers. To crack this cipher when we are looking at the encrypted test find the letters that are occurring the most which will tell us the shift needed for the cipher text. For example: â€Å"nmfajfxjhwjyrjxxfljktwymjljsjwfq† Using the text without spaces makes it harder for the person trying to decode without the key. Now as we can see from the encrypted message above if we use the frequency analysis method we find that j repeats 8 times and if we assume that j is represented as e then it has a shift of 5 alphabets in this cipher. e(x) = (x k) (mod 26) Now we use the above equation in which we now subtract the shift and multiply with modulo 26. After decrypting the final message we have is â€Å"ihaveasecretmessagefromthegeneral†. Polyalphabetic Substitution Cipher: Vigenà ¨re Cipher: The Vigenà ¨re Cipher method was originally described by Giovan Battista Bellaso in his 1553 book La cifra del. Sig. Giovan Battista Bellaso. This method was later misattributed to Blaise de Vigenà ¨re in the 19th century thus giving the cipher the name â€Å"Vigenà ¨re cipher†. Vigenà ¨re cipher is method that uses a series of different Caesar ciphers based on a lettered keyword. This cipher is a form of polyalphabetic substitution. In this cipher we make a key before encrypting the message so that it is a bit more secure. In this method the key shifts the alphabets according to its position. In this encryption the key needs to be known for the person decrypting it because there are about 26n possibilities where n is the number of letters in the string. For example let the code be: â€Å"mybirthdayisinjanuary† and let’s take the key to be â€Å"math† Plain Text m y b i r t h d a y i s i n j a n u a r y Key m a t h m a t h m a t h m a t h m a t h m Encrypted Text y y u p d t a k m y b z u n c h z u t y k Thus the encrypted text cannot be broken easily and if someone tried without a key there are 265 ≈ 1.2 X 107 possibilities unlike the Caesar cipher with just 25 possibilities. Decrypting the Vigenà ¨re cipher: The first crack for the Vigenà ¨re cipher was discovered in 1854 by British Cryptographer Charles Babbage. This Vigenà ¨re cipher can now be easily cracked in the modern day cryptography using the Kasiski analysis method to crack this cipher. To crack a Vigenà ¨re cipher the most difficult part is to find the length of the key. The method used to find the key uses repeating patterns and finds the distance between the patterns. This can be done using the Crypto-Corner tool which will find the periods of the repeating patterns. Then using the frequency analysis we can decrypt the message. For example let the encrypted code be â€Å"GZEFWCEWTPGDRASPGNGSIAWDVFTUASZWSFSGRQOHEUFLAQVTUWFVJSGHRVEEAMMOWRGGTUWSRUOAVSDMAEWNHEBRJTBURNUKGZIFOHRFYBMHNNEQGNRLHNLCYACXTEYGWNFDRFTRJTUWNHEBRJ† Now to decrypt it just put the code in the crypto-corner tool and it gives us a repeating period of 3. Which leaves us with 3 separate Caesar shifts to decrypt this message using the frequency analysis. The image above shows the encrypted message and the decrypted message. It also shows us the key used to encrypt this message. This was done using frequency analysis for three Caesar shift ciphers. After the cipher is decrypted the key is discovered to be â€Å"NSA†. It is a relatively easy cipher to crack but can be time consuming using a computer brute force attack. The main uses of Vigenà ¨re cipher was in the military to send secrets to allies so the enemy could not decrypt it easily. As this cipher took me around 4 minutes to crack using the tool. Diagraph Substitution Cipher: Hill Cipher: The Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher which is based on linear algebra. It was invented by Lester Hill in 1929 it was the first polygraphic cipher in which it was possible to operate on more than three symbols at once. Plain Text Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Plain text a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z The main idea behind hill cipher is to convert the plain text into numbers and separate into blocks and then covert them into column matrix. Then it is multiplied by a key of the form .The result of this is multiplied by modulo 26 which keeps the numbers in a cycle of 0 to 25. The matrix in the form obtained by this method is then covered back to a non-column form and then to plain text. For example let’s take the word â€Å"TROJANHORSES† which converts to 19, 17, 14, 9, 0, 13, 7, 14, 17, 18, 4 and 18. Now let the key that is known by the person who is encrypting and decrypting be . Thus now we divide the plain text numbers into two column matrix and multiply by our key. Thus this encryption gives us a cipher text â€Å"ETRVNNLGBUOU† from the original text â€Å"TORJANHORSE† the Hill cipher overcomes the problems related to frequency analysis associated with the Caesar shift cipher. Decryption of Hill Cipher: For the decryption process of the Hill cipher the inverse of the key is done. To make it into the form thus making the encryption matrix key used in the example into the form. Now we calculate the determinant of the encryption key is = (5*3) (3 * 2) = 9 A-1 = 9-1 mod 26 To get rid of the mod 26 we take modulo inverse of the determinant and thus it gives us. This can sometimes be a problem because if the determinant of a matrix is not a co-prime number to the 26. Then it is not invertible and thus we cannot decipher the text. A-1 = 9-1 Thus 9-1 mod 26 is 3 as per the modulus tables of multiplicative inverse modulo and modulo of A-1 = 3 A-1 = = mod 26 The decryption key now is now we multiply the cipher text â€Å"ETRVNN† which will give us â€Å"TROJAN† Thus the deciphered text is ‘TROJAN† which makes this cipher weak if a person is aware of the keys as it might not take a lot of time to do this by hand. Also nowadays the computer can easily crack this cipher given the key is present with the person cracking it. Cracking this cipher can be easily done these days using a brute force attack on the cipher and it took me around 40 seconds to break the code. Which indicates it is relatively insecure to use hill cipher to code the text today to send secret messages as it can be intercepted and easily decrypted. Machine Driven Cipher: Enigma Code Cipher: The Enigma code cipher was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. It was used to send encrypted messages to German U-Boats and communicate between German military. During the World War II it was adopted by the Nazi Germany to send and receive encrypted messages from German army or the Air Force. The Enigma machine uses a keyboard on which the operator types the message he wants to encrypt. Then the message goes to the 3 rotors these rotors combine of 3 different types of rotors a fast rotor which turns when a letter is types. Then a medium rotor which turns when the fast rotor completes a revelation and the slow rotor which rotates when the medium rotor completes a revolution. After the plain text has gone through the three rotors it reverses and goes again through the slow, medium and fast rotor to the plug board. The German army had a choice of choosing 3 rotors from a set of 5 rotors and the rotors could be set in any orientation. The number of ways the rotors can be positioned from a set of 5 are = 60 possibilities. The different starting positions of the rotors as they were changed every day giving 263 = 17576 possibilities of different codes. The 1-26 numbers on the three rotors represent the alphabets from a-z. After the letter is plain text in pressed on the enigma it goes through plug board to the 3 rotors and gets ciphered. Then the cipher text goes back to the plug board usually the plug board would have been connected to the 10 wires which connected 20 alphabets together. Thus if the ciphered text is connected to a wire it would light up the alphabet it might be connected to. For example if the letter h was pressed it would go to the plug board then through the circuit it goes through the 3 rotors which cipher the plain text 3 times. After that it returns back to the plug board as letter M which is connected to the letter A and thus the bulb connected to letter A lights up. The number of possibilities on the plug board are The possibilities that are displayed above are the total theoretical possibilities for changing the plug board setting in different orientation giving ways. The total number of possible ways the settings of the enigma could be changed into are: (Possibilities the settings could be changed into. Thus making it really difficult to solve by pen and paper. The use of computer is really essential to break a code which has been encrypted using enigma. Decrypting Enigma code cipher: To decrypt the enigma code the German army distributed a sheet which contained the settings for each day of the month. So the side receiving the code can set the settings and then type the code using the keyboard which reverses the process and after typing the plain text blinks on the light panel. The enigma code was cracked by the allies during the World War II by the Alan Turing and his team consisting of mathematicians. The flaws that helped decrypting the enigma code cipher was that if a letter was typed it wouldn’t place the same letter in the cipher text. For example if a person typed B in code the cipher would be something like X but never B. To break the code Alan Turing built a bomb machine which checked all the Possibilities of settings and took only 20 minutes to break the code. For example let the plain text message be â€Å"THISISAVERYSECRETMESSAGE† as I don’t have access to an enigma machine using an online simulator. The cipher text using the rotor order as VI-I-II, the rotor start as EGW (5, 7, 23), the ring setting as JEN and the plug board setting as QF XV SM YH JL KC GP IO UN ZD. Now when we encode this message we use the encoding setting as EHU and the cipher text is â€Å"UVATHXTYABCBRSDXJPHFEXLN†. To decrypt this message either a brute force attack which took around 7 minutes or if the settings are provided use a decryption tool online to decrypt the cipher text to plain text. Bibliography Ekert, A. (n.d.). Cracking codes. Plus.maths.org. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://plus.maths.org/content/cracking-codes Caesar cipher. (n.d.). Princeton University. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Caesar_cipher.html Casselman, B. (n.d.). Feature Column from the AMS. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://www.ams.org/samplings/feature-column/fcarc-enigma Clark, D. R. (n.d.). Vigenà ¨re Cipher. Crypto Corner. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://crypto.interactive-maths.com/vigenegravere-cipher.html#intro Clark, D. R. (n.d.). Hill Cipher. Crypto Corner. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://crypto.interactive-maths.com/hill-cipher.html#2x2encypt Count On :: Codebreaking :: The Vigenà ¨re Cipher. (n.d.). Count On :: Codebreaking :: The Vigenà ¨re Cipher. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://www.counton.org/explorer/codebreaking/vigenere-cipher.php Crypto. (n.d.). Practical graphy. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://practicalcryptography.com/ciphers/hill-cipher/ Crypto. (n.d.). Practical graphy. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://practicalcryptography.com/ciphers/vigenere-gronsfeld-and-autokey-cipher/ Crypto Analysis to Crack Vigenà ¨re Ciphers. (n.d.). IB Maths Resources. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://ibmathsresources.com/2014/05/31/crypto-analysis-to-crack-vigenere-ciphers/ Cunningham, Z., Mabey, M. (n.d.). Security Ninja. Security Ninja. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://csilm.usu.edu/~securityninja/index.psp Ellis, C. (n.d.). Exploring the Enigma. Plus.maths.org. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://plus.maths.org/content/exploring-enigma Enigma machine. (2014, October 27). Wikipedia. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine Lyons, J. (n.d.). Crypto. Practical graphy. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://practicalcryptography.com/cryptanalysis/ Simpson, R. (n.d.). Cipher Machines. Cipher Machines. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://ciphermachines.com/enigma Singh, S. (n.d.). The Black Chamber. Caesar Cipher. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/caesar.html Singh, S. (n.d.). The Black Chamber. Vigenere Cipher. Retrieved October 21, 2014, from http://www.simonsingh.net/The_Black_Chamber/vigenere_cipher.html Sutherland, S. (n.d.). 3 The Caesar Cipher and Modular Arithmetic. 3 The Caesar Cipher and Modular Arithmetic. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://www.math.sunysb.edu/~scott/papers/MSTP/crypto/3Caesar_Cipher.html Vestergaard, E. (n.d.). The German cipher machine Enigma. Enigma. Retrieved October 29, 2014, from http://www.matematiksider.dk/enigma_eng.html Vigenà ¨re cipher. (n.d.). Vigenà ¨re cipher. Retrieved October 22, 2014, from https://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Vigen%C3%A8re_cipher.html

Rock and Roll Essay -- Music, Elvis Presley

What comes to mind when you think about Rock and Roll? Is it the pulsating rhythms, and upbeat tempo that seemingly sooth the mind? What many don’t realize is this phenomenon was started by a single man that combined various elements he loved. This man, Elvis Presley, not only created Rock and Roll but a new era of attitude and personality which people perceived as they watched him perform. Elvis Aaron Presley, one of the most popular American singers of the 20th century, started a new clothing style for his generation, influenced a new era of dance, and most notably introduced Rock and Roll to the world. Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi into a loving but poor family (Tracy 1). From the young age of 7, Elvis showed a passion for music. He was introduced to music in the family’s Assembly of God church where the southern gospel music became an important influence on his success. When Elvis’ mother Gladys acquired enough money, she bought him his first guitar, he then taught himself to play and in October 1945, he had his first taste of success in music by placing in the town fair talent contest (â€Å"Famous Quotes†. After graduating high school in 1953, he worked various jobs while still pursuing his musical career. Later in 1953, he walked into Sun Studios where he paid four dollars to record his first record. Upon hearing Elvis’ recording, Sam Philips decided to take him under his wing and then became his record label owner (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). In 1954, he produced his first single â€Å"That’s all Right.† From then unt il his death he became the biggest phenomenon ever in the world of entertainment (Morrison 1). From the start of Elvis’ career, he was in the center of the spotlight but before his career even started his appe... ...ers of his time. Elvis is known as the leading artist in R & B, gospel, and American country (â€Å"Elvis Presley†). He has sold over a billion records, more than any other artist known to man. He was one of the first performers ever inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 (Brewster 1). Elvis loved performing live concerts â€Å"A live concert to me is exciting because of all the electricity that is generated in the crowd and onstage,† it’s his favorite part of his business (â€Å"Famous Quotes† 1). Even today he still remains a legendary music icon for popularizing and creating the start of Rock and Roll (Brewster 1). It is impossible to think of a Rock and Roll star who doesn’t owe a debt to Elvis Presley (Ebsco). Today he is still known as the starter of Rock and Roll, and is the most successful recording artist in terms of hit songs and hit albums still today.

An Analysis of “Peach” by D. H. Lawrence Essay

What will you think of, when you eat a fruit, like a peach? I think many people’s answer would be nothing at all. However, a peach triggers some poetic romance in D.H. Lawrence, and some beautiful verses are thus created. The poem _Peach_ was brainless at first glance–this is indeed not an impenetrable poem, but it renders a significant thought that the creations of nature, even the most unconscious ones, has the beauty that no artificial objects can ever achieve. The poem itself in free verse is modernist, defying conventional structured form and the language is more prose than scanned lines – the whole poem is a kick at traditional attitudes and the Victorians were not traditionalists but reactionaries regarding their attitudes to sex, so this is a complex revolutionary poem and extemely modern for its time. The poem is intensely modernist. Not only does D H Lawrence take an everyday activity (eating a peach) and unpack unsuspected and surprising meaning from it. Lawrence suggests that the simple pleasure of eating a peach may be connected with the way that the peach hasn’t been manufactured. Nature’s beauty is embodied in its imperfection because there are no straight lines or perfect shape in nature. It exists randomly and obliquely. After we stepped onto this world mankind has been finding all ways to be ‘perfect’, as defined by them. This is nature’s definition of perfection, or perhaps working towards a common goal of being perfect. Why do we have to turn that 180 degrees and make straight lines all over the world? We grasp our pencils and place the rulers on that sheet of paper and zoom the line goes straight and â€Å"perfect†. We connect the dots with straight lines and we draw geometric figures in mathematic and so on. But maybe we need to adjust our angle of  see the world. Actually nature has very little to do with math. Most things in the world cannot and should not be simply viewed scientifically. Things were, are and will never be judge to be right or wrong. We live in a wonderful world but we are probably making a hash of it. Nature has given us beauty in everything we see and for no good reason – nature or unknown forces could have made the world ugly but it has not and almost illogically has given us wonderfully coloured flowers, incredible animals and sunsets to die for. Lawrence saw man as kind of a mad animal like many painters saw the industrial revolution as a disaster. Next time we encounter a fruit, we should not only eat it for nutrients, but also soak in its incomparable beauty endowed by nature.

Fire and Its Social and Economical Problem

Fire has been called the foundation of human civilization. Fire provides warmth and heat, protecting us from the ravages of the elements . Fire gives us light to see in the dark and to signal other people who may be looking for us. Its light also tends to keep predatory animals away. Fire enables cooking, which improves the taste of many foods and helps eliminate harmful bacteria. In extreme situations, fire can be used as a weapon, brandished against wild animals or others who intend us harm. Fire plays an important role in various aspects of the Hindu Tradition. It is both the creator and destroyed of life. Uncontrolled and misuse of fire can cause tremendous adverse impacts on the environment and the human society. Forest fire is a major cause of degradation of India’s forests. Some common causes of fire in the houses are kitchen stoves, electric blankets, faulty wiring, clothes dryers, lighting, LPG, candles, crackers, flammable liquids etc. The potential for fire is present in any workplace. But, if you’re aware of the causes and conditions, if you’re prepared, and if you think before you act, the risk of a workplace fire and its damaging effects – on you, your co-workers or your company – can be minimized. Fire extinguishers are a critical component of saving property and lives in the case of a fire emergency. Ensure that fire protection equipment (i. e. , sprinklers, smoke/heat detectors, alarms, fire hoses, fire extinguishers, and fire blankets) are maintained, available for use, and not impaired or concealed. Make sure fire extinguishers correspond to the potential risk. Know where they’re located and how to use them. Good housekeeping practices and fire fighting training are the crucial to fire prevention. Ultimately it is the extra economic burden on the society.